(2010). However, expressive enhancement is slightly positively related to reappraisal (r = .19, p < .01) and to expressive suppression (r = .14, p < .05). We developed a Japanese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) and examined its reliability and validity across three studies. Does its use vary over the course of a life? https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029781. Eudaimonism in the mencius: Fulfilling the heart. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. The current data from a community-dwelling population may not generalize to older adults with clinical disorders. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034474. 2021 Apr 1;284:27-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.071. (2007). Adaptation of the interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire to the turkish language and investigation of its psychometric properties. The sample was recruited through collaboration with two professional organizations in Luxembourg (one in finance and one in the health-care sector) and through public advertisements. (2010). Hess, U., Sencal, S., Kirouac, G., Herrera, P., Philippot, P., & Kleck, R. E. (2000). For a more comprehensive interpretation of this result, five groups were created based on the participants age, and one-way ANOVA were conducted to investigate significant differences between the groups (Table 4). Intervention to strengthen emotional self-regulation in children with emerging mental health problems. Peer victimization and depressive symptoms among rural-to-urban migrant children in China: The protective role of resilience. this 16-item scale measures two skills: (a) cognitive restructuring skills (cgrs), which refer to to ability to identify, assess and modify thoughts that produce psychological distress (clark, 2013 ); and (b) behavioral activation skills (ba), an important component of cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on 'activating' depressed individuals Patients and Methods: In Study 1, the Japanese version of ERQ-CA was developed and administered to 389 children aged 8- 12 years. Argentinean Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China, School Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China, Shuicheng Middle School, Liaocheng, 252000, China, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. R. Dimitrova. I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation Im in. Pereira DR, Silva ER, Carvalho-Maia C, Monteiro-Reis S, Loureno C, Calisto R, Teixeira RJ, Carlson LE, Bart G, Vainio SJ, Sales MGF, Jernimo C, Henrique R. Trials. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for use with athletes. The emotion regulation questionnaire for children and adolescents (ERQCA): A psychometric evaluation. This means that individuals who frequently enhance the expression of emotions also have a small tendency to use the other two strategies, and vice-versa. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348. Further, acknowledging the debates on the necessary number of items per subscale (Bollen, 1989; Marsh, Hau, Balla, & Grayson, 1998), there are methodological arguments suggesting that 2-item and even 1-item dimensions can be justifiable (e.g., Gogol et al., 2014; Nagy, 2002; Wanous, Reichers, & Hudy, 1997). To sum up, an adapted version of the ERQ is pertinent. (2011). Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. Preece, D. A., Becerra, R., Robinson, K., & Gross, J. J. (2018). ____When I want to feel more positive emotion, I change the way I'm thinking about the situation. Killian, M., Cacciatore, J., & Lacasse, J. Troy, A. S., Shallcross, F. H., & Mauss, I. Im doing a research for my post-graduation and Im using ERQ by Gross and John (2003). (2013). https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008220. Ortner, C N. M., Briner, E., & Marjanovic, Z. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Careers. Participants had heterogeneous professional profiles. Emotion regulation is currently a frequently studied research domain, with numerous studies attesting to its importance for human adaptation, and its implications for peoples lives (Gross, 2002, 2015; Gross & John, 2003; Gross & Muoz, 1995; John & Gross, 2004; Mikolajczak, Tran, Brotheridge, & Gross, 2009; Snyder, Simpson, & Hughes, 2006). Castilla D, Navarro-Haro MV, Suso-Ribera C, Daz-Garca A, Zaragoza I, Garca-Palacios A. BMC Psychiatry. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Internalizing Mental Health Disorders and Emotion Regulation: A Comparative and Mediational Study of Older Adults With and Without a History of Complex Trauma Exposure. the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. The development and application of an adolescent academic emotions questionnaire. Achievement goals and achievement emotions: Testing a model of their joint relations with academic performance. Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). To enhance the expression of emotion might not be a preferable strategy when regulating ones emotions. Cohen, J. This choice was made and validated by a group of researchers from the University of Luxembourg, who are specialists in the study of emotional regulation and psychometrics. (2015). The .gov means its official. Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. Patients and Methods In Study 1, the Japanese version of ERQ-CA was developed and administered to 389 children aged 8-12 years. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Wang, D., Yuan, B., Han, H. et al. Validation par analyse factorielle du Big Five Inventory Franais (BFI-Fr). Neuroticism, extraversion, emotion regulation, negative affect and positive affect: The mediating roles of reappraisal and suppression. Emotion regulation. Wiley Press. Emotion, cognitive structure, and action tendency. As expected, cognitive reappraisal scores were significantly negatively correlated with psychological distress and alexithymia, whereas expressive suppression scores were significantly positively correlated with psychological distress and alexithymia. Confirmatory factor and measurement invariance analyses of the emotion regulation questionnaire. (1997). Spaapen, D., Waters, F., Brummer, L., Stopa, L., & Bucks, R. (2014). Epub 2021 May 21. delValle MV, Andrs ML, Urquijo S, Zamora EV, Mehta A, Gross JJ. Neurotic individuals are characterized by greater emotional instability and a tendency to feel overwhelmed by negative emotions (Gross & John, 1998). Soto, J. Emotion regulation: Taking stock and moving forward. Used to describe a persons ability to manage and respond to emotional experiences, emotion regulation is a concept receiving ever-growing interest in mental health and psychotherapy research. This indicates that the self-perceived tendency to reappraise increases as the individuals get older. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.09.006. This result is of interest as it questions our idea that having a higher tendency to display emotions (in this case for women; Buck et al., 1974; Kret & De Gelder, 2012; Kring & Gordon, 1998) would motivate a more frequent use of enhancement. Culture, emotion regulation, and adjustment. Respondents are invited to consider statements regarding their emotional life, particularly how emotions are controlled or regulated. Ireland, M. J., Goh, H. E., & Marais, I. Nonetheless, the difference in the self-perceived use of reappraisal between the five groups of age was revealed to be statistically significant although small in size, F(4, 247) = 3.04, p <.05, 2 =.03, f = .22. The Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ; Hofmann, Carpenter, & Curtiss, 2016) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire consisting of the four factors detailed below: The Emotion Regulation Scale is designed to measure the tendency to regulate emotions by cognitive reappraisal and/or expressive suppression. Individuals aged between 48-57 years old report reappraising significantly more often than individuals aged between 17 and 27. Put simply, cognitive reappraisal is fundamentally changing the way one thinks about potentially emotion-eliciting events. In addition, the items of each dimension present good homogeneity (adequate Cronbach alphas), and the correlation between reappraisal and expressive suppressive is small. Chinese Journal of Health Psychology, 15(6), 503505. Thus, all items revealed appropriate discrimination indices (item-total correlations between .40 and .69) and logistic curves. These analyses confirmed an optimal structural solution composed of three factors. The three-factor structure of the ERQ adapted was confirmed. Article MeSH Brando et al., 2017; Gross & John, 2003; Ireland et al., 2018; Melka et al., 2011; Peng et al., 2016); H3 reappraisal and suppression within age and gender differences replicate previous research: (H3a) men suppress significantly more frequently than women, while no significant differences exist in the disposition to reappraise (H3b). The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were adequate and comparable to previous findings. Daoyang Wang collected, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. The gender and age differences observed are partially in line with previous research about the ERQ. Emotion regulation strategy use in children and adolescents: The explanatory roles of personality and attachment. Reliability and validity among at-risk grade-school children," Poster session presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, March 1995. (2015). Participants of the subsample were aged between 20 and 61 (M = 39.01, SD = 9.35). A Spanish adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The site is secure. The Spanish Version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): A Psychometric Evaluation in Early Adolescence. In terms of its development, emotion regulation is conceptualized as changeable in time as individuals develop and learn from life experiences, and perceive the costs and benefits of different emotion regulation strategies (Blanchard-Fields & Coats, 2008; Blanchard-Fields, Stein, & Watson, 2004; John & Gross, 2004; Nolen-Hoeksema & Aldao, 2011). Cognitive emotion regulation refers to the conscious, cognitive handling of emotionally arousing information (Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2001), and assists in the control of emotions during or after the experience of an adverse event. Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Haliczer, L. A., Conkey, L. C., & Whalen, D. J. Australian Bureau of Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00754-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00754-9. Additionally, the length of the response scale was reduced from a 7-point Likert scale to 5-points from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Gullone, E., & Taffe, J. The fact that this strategy is linked with positive outcomes, allied to the fact that individuals ability to use this strategy is not affected by age (Vieillard, Harm, & Bigand, 2015), make us expect that expressive enhancement disposition will also not be affected by age (H3d). Psychooncology. 2021 Apr-Jun;43(2):92-100. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0015. Psychooncology. Plaisant, O., Courtois, R., Rveillre, C., Mendelsohn, G. A., & John, O. P. (2010). This would integrate the measures of the psychological dimensions of the present study along with others. (2019). Investigating Strategies of Emotion Regulation As Mediators of Occupational Stressors and Mental Health Outcomes in First Responders. Introverted people express themselves less in social situations and fear potential rejection, which expectably links to a greater tendency to regulate their emotions by concealing their expression, as it protects them from being exposed to these risks. A very important question for any questionnaire or scale, below is a quick rehash of each scales reliability. Can you tell me the age range? Interpersonal emotion regulation can be categorized in two ways; intrinsic whether people use it to alter their own emotions, and extrinsic whether people use it to change others emotions. MeSH The emotion regulation questionnaire in women with cancer: A psychometric evaluation and an item response theory analysis. The emotion regulation questionnaire in women with cancer: A psychometric evaluation and an item response theory analysis. Criterion and incremental validity of the emotion regulation questionnaire. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in early adolescents: The development of an instrument. Dao, 14(3), 403-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-015-9444-z. Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in participants with personality disorders. I am a psychology student currently sitting on my first own study and getting a bit nervous about my outcomes. Like the original ERQ (Gross & John, 2003), data on this adapted version indicates that the self-perceived use of expressive suppression has a moderate negative correlation with extraversion. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01347.x. PubMed Central Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812814425_0009. International Journal of Behavioral Development, Mikolajczak, Tran, Brotheridge, & Gross, 2009, Melka, Lancaster, Bryant, & Rodriguez, 2011, Egloff, Schmukle, Burns, & Schwerdtfeger, 2006, Nezlek, Vansteelandt, Van Mechelen, & Kuppens, 2008, Cabello, Salguero, Fernndez-Berrocal, & Gross, 2012, Christophe, Antoine, Leroy, & Delelis, 2009, Plaisant, Courtois, Rveillre, Mendelsohn, & John, 2010, Valois, Houssemand, Germain, & Belkacem, 2011. Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Vignette and Strategy Questionnaire (VSQ) to report on their use of six emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal, suppression, passive, expressing, problem-solving, and seeking). Structural Equation Modeling, 11(3), 320341. Items for the new scale were selected from a set of questions related to expressive enhancement, and were created specifically for the study. Social Science Research, 36(1), 2847. Catastrophizing explicitly emphasizing the consequences of negative events. The findings also confirm that the CERQ is a reliable instrument for the evaluation of emotion regulation strategies in adolescents. Results show that age does not significantly affect the self-perceived use of suppression, F(4, 247) = 0.39, p = .818, or enhancement, F(4, 247) = 0.10, p = .982. Curr Psychol 41, 23462353 (2022). Gender invariance and psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Giromini, L., de Campora, G., Brusadelli, E., DOnofrio, E., Zennaro, A., Zavattini, G. C., & Lang, M. (2016). Emotion regulation: Conceptual and empirical foundations. 2022 Mar 5;22(1):164. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03800-x. Bookshelf Before In contrast, because emotional expression by women is already generally greater than by men, their use of up-regulation strategies may be perceived as being less necessary and less frequently used. Introduction A The scoring takes the average of all the scores in each subscale of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. B. The results indicate that the ERQ-adapted has appropriate psychometrical properties, including the expected three-factor structure, which adjusts properly to the data. As with the other questionnaires detailed above, the IERQ has been translated into multiple languages and has shown internal consistency coefficients between .81 and .89 with strong test-retest correlation coefficients (Gkda, Sorias, Kran, & Ger, 2019). Suppression positively correlated with negative affect among older men but not older women. Marsh, H. W., Muthn, B., Asparouhov, T., Ldtke, O., Robitzsch, A., Morin, A. J. S., & Trautwein, U. An Italian adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Interpersonal emotion regulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Sass, D. A., & Schmitt, T. A. I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation (reappraisal item) or I control my emotions by not expressing them (expressive suppression item). Participants were presented with affirmations concerning these five dimensions of personality (e.g., I am talkative for extraversion) and indicate their degree of agreement or disagreement on a 5-point Likert-scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 5 strongly agree. Coping, Emotion Regulation, and Well-Being: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes. Results confirms that highly conscientious individuals report less use of expressive enhancement. Accessibility Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). One could interpret this finding as follows: because spontaneously men tend to express less emotion than women (Buck et al., 1974). Reappraisal negatively correlated with negative affect among older women but not men. Emotion regulation in everyday life. Less investigation has been undertaken on expressive enhancement, however some studies have investigated this emotion regulation strategy both at the dispositional (self-reported) and ability levels. This is because they present more controlled behavior, which would be preferably governed by conscience/reason rather than emotion. Epub 2021 May 30. Stepper Sabine, Fritz Strack. The educational consequences of migration for children in China. Anabela C. Santos a Aventura Social and DECSH, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;b . The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. ERQ has two dimensions: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The higher the score, the greater the use of that particular emotion regulation strategy, conversely lower scores represent less frequent use. Cognitive reappraisal tendencies and psychological functioning among Latinos in the context of oppression. Classifying affect-regulation strategies. Gross (Ed.). This study sought to investigate whether the modification of the scale would affect its psychometrical properties. Bin Yuan and Hui Han collected data, analyzed data, and part of literature review. Ioannidis, C. A., & Siegling, A. florida pick 3 generator; cape cod hospital visitor policy; notability live sync; mtu diesel; HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Regarding age, despite the lack of dispositional (self-reported) data on expressive enhancement strategy, research at the ability level indicates that individuals capable of using this strategy report greater well-being, as well as higher disposable income and socioeconomic status (Ct et al., 2010). Blanchard-Fields, F., Stein, R., & Watson, T. L. (2004). As for expressive enhancement, unexpectedly, our results suggest that men tend to use expressive enhancement significantly more often than women. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036116. Further, the results of this study indicate that the addition of these items revealed the expected three-factor structure which explains an important percentage of variance (61%), and has adequate goodness-of-fit indices, as well as good internal consistency overall and by dimension. B. (2012). Keywords: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3102_3. Suppression was positively correlated with negative affect among older men only and unrelated to positive affect for both genders. Andela, M., Truchot, D., & Borteyrou, X. As for the new expressive enhancement suppression, men report enhancing the expression of emotions more often than women, and the use of this strategy does not vary across age group. As a guide, the average scores for each of the strategies are as follows: A quick online search will produce multiple PDF versions of the measures detailed above; however, if you would like to gain access to the questionnaires and learn more about their development, validation, and reliability its a great idea to go directly to the source, you can find a list of key references below. Given its strong psychometrical properties (Brando et al., 2017; Enebrink, Bjrnsdotter, & Ghaderi, 2013; Gross & John, 2003; Ioannidis & Siegling, 2015; Ireland et al., 2018; Melka et al., 2011; Peng et al., 2016) and its easy application, the ERQ is used frequently in studies of individual differences in the self-perceived use of reappraisal and expressive suppression (Balzarotti et al., 2010; Cabello et al., 2012; Gross & John, 2003; Moore et al., 2008; Uphill, Lane, & Jones, 2012).
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