Prajapatya Prajapatya form of marriage is similar to Brahma form of marriage except there is no trading or Kanyadan in Prajapatya and the father of the bride searches for the groom. These are: Brahma Marriage, Daiva Marriage, Arsha Marriage, Prajapatya Marriage, Gandharva Marriage, Asura Marriage, Rakshasa Marriage, Paishacha Marriage. Rukimini sent a letter to Krishna informing of a place and time to pick her up. The first one is the one she comes to the ceremony wearing from her family, and the second one she gets to change into half-way through the ceremony, which is given to her by her husband and his family. What is a free marriage? It is written that Rukminis father was going to marry her to Shishupal, against her wishes. n. ( -tya) 1. Prajapatya marriage - Prajapatya is when a girl's father gives her in marriage to the bridegroom, treating him with respect, and addresses them: 'May both of you perform together your duties'. B
] m. (with or [scilicet] tithi) the 8th day in the dark half of the month Paua, [Colebrooke] (ty catvra prastobh Name of Smans, [reya-brhmaa]; [superlative degree] tya-tama, [Kapihala-sahit]), 9) [v.s. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles: Ishavasya Upanishad with Shankara Bhashya (Sitarama) (by S. Sitarama Sastri), Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson), Chapter 106 - Glorification of Brhmaas < [Section 1 - Prabhsa-ketra-mhtmya], Chapter 18 - The World of Seven Sages < [Section 1 - Prvrdha], Chapter 194 - The Marriage of rpati < [Section 3 - Rev-khaa], Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha), Verse 11.192 < [Section XXI - Expiation for the Neglect of Svitr], Verse 3.38 < [Section IV - The Eight Forms of Marriage], Verse 6.38 < [Section VI - Procedure of going forth as a Wandering Mendicant], The Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt), Chapter CIII - Duties of Yatis < [Agastya Samhita], Chapter CV - Rites of atonement (Prayaschitta) < [Agastya Samhita], OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajitgama and Rauravgama, archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index, DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary, DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, (, - (, (, (, - (, (, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary, DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S). The wedding celebrations can take up to one week depending on the practice in different parts of India. According to some estimates, there wasnt even 1% of divorce among Hindu arranged marriages.[4]. Half a Droa of wheat will constitute a hundred thousand in number of grains. O
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However you may notice that main reference is of Manusmriti, which refers to a social system Types of marriage are Brhma, Daiva, rsha, Prjpatya, Asura, Gndharva, Continue Reading More answers below Gopal Sinha What are the 4 types of marriage? 3. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world. This type of marriage is considered moderate as both the husband and wife fast together. The Indian wedding dresses are elaborate set of clothes worn by the bride, bridegroom and the people attending the wedding. In the Kashmiri tradition, women wear a small gold chain (with a small gold hexagonal bead hanging from the chain) through their upper ear which is a sign of being married. n. A penance; a rite; Rohin. Consider supporting this website: Ishavasya Upanishad with Shankara Bhashya (Sitarama), Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi, Chapter CV - Rites of atonement (Prayaschitta). This form symbolizes the priestly state of the Hindu religious society. Brahma Marriage - In this type, the adorned bride is given in marriage to a wise, gentlemanly bridegroom. Unlike the Brahma marriage, here, the bride's father goes in search for a groom for his daughter. It is a type of arranged marriage, but it differs from other types because it involves the consent of the bride and groom. Any match with points under 18 is not considered as an auspicious match for a harmonious relationship. Vedas, the ancient texts in Hinduism, describes the eight forms of marriages namely The Brahma, Prajapatya, Arsa, Daiva, Asuras, Gandharva, Rakshasas and Pisaka marriages. Brahma Vivah: In this form of marriage the father of the bride gives his daughter to a young man, who is well versed in the four Vedas and of good character along with some ornaments as a gift. Ancient Hindu Law recognised eight distinct forms of marriage, these being, Brahma, Arsha, Davia, Prajapatya, Gandharva, Asura, Rakshasa and Paisacha. S
7) A descendant of (prajpati); (dvay ha prjpaty devcsurca) B. Marriage with trees, plants and inanimate objects are quite common instances in the ancient Hindu society. The worship of iva with wheat grains (godhma) is highly praiseworthy. Arsh . Games in Indian Wedding create a joyful atmosphere and bring about the feeling of unity between the families of the bride and groom. In this tradition, marriage is a sacred and lifelong commitment between the husband and wife, and it is one of the samskaras. Marriage by put chase is called "Asura"; marriage based on mutual love is called "Gandharva". Essentially, it can be said there four major types of marriage that can be conducted in Nigeria. Gandharva marriage 6) [noun] a giving away of ones belongings before being canonised into a mendicant life. 2) Prjpatya ():[=pr-jpatya] [from pr] a See sub voce. For this reason the bride's father goes in search of a groom, unlike in the brahma type. If you do not reproduce, you do humanity a great service. Prjpatya ().m. The maximum points for any match can be 36 and the minimum points for matching is 18. 2. 2. ] a [particular] sacrifice performed before appointing a daughter to raise issue in default of male heirs, [Horace H. Wilson], 20) [v.s. Arsha Marriage - Here the father of the girl gives his daughter to the bridegroom from whom he gets a pair of bulls or cows. All Rights Reserved. A void marriage is none in the eyes of law. Rituals of Prajapatya Marriage. 3 A gift of cows to Brahmans by way of expiating guilt. In this tradition, marriage is a sacred and lifelong commitment between the husband and wife, and it is one of the samskaras. Although the wedding ceremony itself may have taken place immediately after the hand-receiving ceremony, the wedding may have not been consummated for some years, if the bride and groom were very young. 4) [v.s. The groom is showered with wealth and a lot of presents by the father of the girl before and during the wedding. The female will be forced to marry when she is not willing to marry the groom chosen for her. Symbolic rituals followed by married Hindu women, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window). The other seven types of marriage are brhma, daiva, arsha, asura, gndharva, rkshasa and paischa. a measure of height equal to twentyfive spans. This kind of marriage may be similar to that of the Brahma marriage, which may be the origin of Prajapatya Vivah or marriage. 4.Prajapatya Marriage: This marriage celebrated with simple rituals. Talking about ancient Indian marriages, there were eight kinds of Hindu marriages as per the Vedic beliefs namely: Brahma marriage, Daiva Marriage, Arya marriage, Prajapatya, Gandharva, Asura, Rakshasa and Paisacha marriage. So how is a Gandharva marriage different from any other marriage? Eight Types of Marriages finds reference in scriptures like Manusmriti, Vedas and somewhat in Mahabharata. Prajapatya . -tya 1 One of the eight forms of marriage in Hindu law, in which the father gives his daughter to the bridegroom without receiving any present from him in order that the two may live happily and faithfully together; (sahobhau carat dharmamiti vcnubhya ca | kanypradnamabhyarcya prjpatyo vidhi smta) || Manusmti 3.3; or - (ityuktv carat dharma saha y dyate'- rthine | sa kya) (i. e. prjpatya) (pvayettajja a a vaynsahtman) || Y.1.6. These include the statutory marriage; customary marriage; church marriage; and Islamic marriage.However, it is a common practice in Nigeria that a single couple may conduct at least 3 types of marriage together. (53.1),'One who has had illicit sexual intercourse must perform the Prjpatya penance for one year,according to the rule of the Mahvrata, clad in a garment of bark and living in a forest.' So what are these penances and how to do them? 38, 12; [Pacatantra] i. What are the 6 types of marriage? Essentially, it can be said there four major types of marriage that can be conducted in Nigeria. When a father gifts his daughter to a man after duly honoring him, and exhorts the couple to perform their dharma together, it is called "prajapatya marriage". Many people believe that arranged marriage is the traditional form of marriage in India; however love marriage is a modern form, usually in urban areas. What are the eight types of marriage in Hinduism? The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 It is illegal for a man to have more than one wife. Prajapatya Marriage Monetary transactions and Kanyadaan are not parts of Prajapatya marriage, unlike the Brahma marriage, where these two forms an important and basic part. Up.1.3.1. 3. The normative texts, dharma texts and some Ghyastras classify marriage into eight different forms which are Brahma, Daiva, Arsha, Prajapatya, Asura, Gandharva, Rakshasa, Paishacha. M
1) Sacred to Prajpati; (sarvadaivatya prkita prjpatyamlabhanta) B. Dhurandhars Scene Of Hindu Marriage Ceremony. Apart from this, the married woman also wears a red vermilion (sindhoor) dot on her forehead called kumkum and (whenever possible) flowers in her hair and bangles. The joint performance of sacred duties by man and a woman is known as Prajapatya marriage. Prajapatya marriage is a type of Hindu marriage. Traditionally, Hindu parents look for a prospective match for their son/daughter from their own community also known as arranged marriage . For all practical purposes, agula is the smallest unit of measurement. Prajapatya is a Sanskrit word that is best known for referring to one of the eight types of marriage outlined in the ancient Hindu texts, the Vedas. Also the man and woman are given a chance to talk and understand each other. A red sari or lengha, is usually what the bride wears, she may even choose to wear more than one outfit. In prajapatya there is no trading and kanyadana is a part of it as in the brahma ceremony. What is void marriage under Hindu law? The Prajapatya marriage is the best type of marriage because it emphasizes the importance of providing. 3. The swamis expressed a range of opinions, positive and negative. Meaning of Marriage:To take, hold and defend the whole respect and responsibility of a wife by a husband. L
In a holy yajna, learned person and parents do marriage and advice both (boy and the girl) to continue their family life religiously. [prajpatirdevat'sya yak]. Paishach -These are all in order of merit from top to bottom. ] m. a descendant of Pr ([patronymic] of Pata-ga, of Prajvat, of Yakma-nana, of Yaja, of Vimada, of Viu, of Savaraa, of Hiraya-garbha), [gveda-anukramaik], 5) [v.s. A Hindu marriage joins two individuals for life, so that they can pursue dharma (duty), artha (possessions), kama (physical desires), and moksa (ultimate spiritual release) together. 4. Marriage is the process by which two people make their relationship public, official, and permanent. Rakshas . Prajapatya Marriage The bride's father gives his daughter to the bridegroom with the traditional blessing and by addressing the couple with the mantras, "May both of you perform together your Dharma or sacred duties". 2) Name of the confluence of the Gag and Yamun (prayga); (also n.). The first of the persons, called Vasudevas, by the Jainas. Prjpatya () in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pjvacca, Pyvacca. Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India. Ends with: Brahmaprajapatya, Uccaprajapatya. How many wives can a Hindu man have? The Brahma type is considered better than prajapatya, because in the former . Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Six-factor Model Of Psychological Well-being. These marriages are performing among the present educated people. 2. 2. A single Prjpatya unit corresponds to 25 Agula units. 1. The prajapatya form of marriage is construed to be inferior to the first three forms because here the gift is not free but it loses its dignity due to conditions which should not have been imposed according to the religious concept of a gift. Sanskrit, also spelled (sasktam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). This type of marriage is common in Rishis and Sages. These are: Brahma Marriage, Daiva Marriage, Arsha Marriage, Prajapatya Marriage, Gandharva Marriage, Asura Marriage, Rakshasa Marriage, Paishacha Marriage. Search found 53 books and stories containing Prajapatya, Prjpatya, Prajpatya, Praja-patya, Praj-patya, Pra-japatya, Pr-jpatya, Prjpaty; (plurals include: Prajapatyas, Prjpatyas, Prajpatyas, patyas, japatyas, jpatyas, Prjpatys). Surya presented Suvarchala to Hanuman. 1) Prajpatya ():[=praj-patya] [from praj > pra-jan] [wrong reading] for prjpatya. Definition of marriage 1a see usage paragraph below : the state of being united as spouses in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law. Follow these fast steps to modify the PDF marital rights online for free: Sign up and log in to your account. Yogapedia Terms:
It is the joining of two people in a bond that putatively lasts until death, but in . Not all eight approved by The Scripture. Below follows a table of the different units of measurement in relation to one another: The smallest unit, which is paramu, atom is stated ta be perceived (only) by the sages. ] (with Jainas) Name of the first black Vsudeva, [cf. The Purana (, puras) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient Indias vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. C
In general, this is the worst type of marriage because it is based on taking. Add the marital rights for redacting. If the devotee cannot afford it he shall give according to his capacity. Prajapatya is when a girl's father gives her in marriage to the bridegroom, treating him with respect, and addresses them: 'May both of you perform together your duties'. At the actual wedding, Hindu brides wear bright colored outfits. If Saturn, Mars & Venus three of them are in 7th house and the 7th lord is in 8th house the person will . In some places, in especially Eastern India, instead of mangalsutra they put only vermilion on the hair parting, wear a pair of conch bangles (shankha), red bangles (pala) and an iron bangle on the left hand (loha) while their husband is alive. This ceremony was very important in the Vedic tradition. 7) [v.s. such as amarasiha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.] An Indian Hindu wedding ceremony in progress. 2) [noun] the place of confluence of the rivers Gagand Yamun. Prajapatya marriage is pretty much similar to Brahma marriage but involves dowry. ] (with with akaa, [Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary], 17) Prjpatya ():[from prjpata] n. generative energy, procreative power, [Atharva-veda; Taittirya-sahit], 18) [v.s. The ceremonies and conditions for a valid marriage were well defined and strictly laid down. What are the eight forms of marriage? Marriage by put chase is called "Asura"; marriage based on mutual love is called "Gandharva". According to Swami Dayanand Saraswati, the founder of Arya Samaj, the father gives his daughter to the bridegroom, by addressing the couple with the mantras, "May both of you perform together your dharma.". This is condemned in the Manusmriti as a sinful act. Abduction is called "rakshasa". Daiva Vivah: In this forms of the marriage the father of bride offers his daughter to a person who acts as a priest in marriage sacrament and . Brahm Vibah . Lexicographers, esp. The married Hindu women in different parts of India follow different customs. Discover the meaning of prajapatya in the context of Sanskrit from relevant books on Exotic India. Q
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If a hundred thousand grains are used for worship, the devotee shall be blessed with a number of children. Try not to stress over every question, but simply answer based off your intuition. Under the system, the bride was donated after worshiping the bridegroom and the bride and groom were instructed that both of them should practice together for life in the householder's life. The married woman in Kumaon Uttarakhand wear a yellow cloth called pichoda. ] (also with akarya, prayas-vat and mdhucchaudasa) Name of Smans, [reya-brhmaa]. Forms of marriage and problems. Love marriage was also seen in historical Hindu literature and has been variously described by many names, such asGandharva vivaha. prjpatya ().n S (praj & pati) A mode of penance. [] Brahmins desiring the benefit shall perform the rite of Prjpatya. With and without vidhi, a form of marriage, [Mnavadharmastra] 3, 30. Illustration from Sougandhika Parinaya, According to Hinduism there are eight different types of marriages. [Mahbhrata i, 2097]), 12) [v.s. 1a) Prjpatya ().A sacrifice which Yudhihira performed as a preparation to cast off his mortal body. How many wives can a Hindu man have? The legend of Makardhwaja View Notes - Untitled document (2).pdf from REL 2300 at St. Petersburg College. Hindu marriage joins two individuals for life, so that they can pursue dharma (duty), artha (possessions), and kama (physical desires). In Hinduism, marriage is followed by traditional rituals for consummation. The mode of worship is as before. In southern India, a married woman may wear a necklace with a distinctive pendant called a thali and silver toe-rings. Prajapatya marriage Here, the father gets his daughter married to a man on the condition that he will be secular and let his daughter practice her own religion. The origin during evolution is supported by the lifetime pairing of males and females observed in particular birds and other animals. These include the statutory marriage; customary marriage; church marriage; and Islamic marriage.However, it is a common practice in Nigeria that a single couple may conduct at least 3 types of marriage together. N
Elopement has also been described in old Hindu literature. f. (ty) Giving away the whole of ones property before entering upon the life of an ascetic or mendicant. Prajapatya marriage was a marriage between a male and female ,who married after the grooms family approach the brides family. Prjpatya ().[adjective] coming from or belonging to Prajapati; [masculine] ( vivha) [adjective] cert. In this marriage type the bride's wish is not even considered, and it is because of this that is considered the most inferior marriage type. dharma dharma-shastras prayaschitta Share Improve this question Follow edited Jan 13, 2019 at 16:52 Gandharv . I
A form of marriage, the gift of a girl, respectfully by her father to her lover. ] (with or [scilicet] karman) a [particular] kind of generation in the manner of Praj-pati, [Mahbhrata; Harivaa], 19) [v.s. D. Prajapatya Vivaha: "The gift of a daughter (by her father) after he has addressed (the couple) with the text, 'May both of you perform together your duties,' and has shown honor (to the bridegroom), is called the Prajapatya Vivaha." The normative texts, dharma texts and some Ghyastras classify marriage into eight different forms which are Brahma, Daiva, Arsha, Prajapatya, Asura, Gandharva, Rakshasa, Paishacha. W
The last four were not advocated and the last one was condemned. 3) A particular sacrifice (for appointing a daughter to raise issue in default of male heirs). ] m. (with akaa, also n.) the chariot of Rohi, Name of an asterism, [Varha-mihira; Pacatantra], 8) [v.s. The prajapatya form of marriage is construed to be inferior to the first three forms because here the gift is not free but it loses its dignity due to conditions that should not have been imposed . Daiv Vivah . Discover the meaning of prajapatya in the context of Kannada from relevant books on Exotic India. According to Swami Dayanand Saraswati, the founder of Arya Samaj, the father gives his daughter to the bridegroom, by addressing the couple with the mantras, May both of you perform together your dharma. This kind of marriage is similar to Brahma vivah, which may be the origin of Prajapatya vivah. [3], M.V. n. (-tya) 1. How can we practice conscious relaxation? E. prajpati Bramha, and yat aff. X
Because of these differences, Prajapatya is inferior to Brahma. 4) [noun] a kind of religious asceticism with rigorous self-discipline and self-denial. Islam is another religion followed by a large number of people in . 2. 1) [noun] one of the eight kinds of marriages, conducted with the blessings of the parents of both the bride and groom, without taking any money, property from the groom. G
The Spiritual Life 2010 - 2030. Hindu Marriage Ceremony varies according to every region in India. Those who respect tradition, even to this day, observe "HANUMAN KALYANAM" (Hanuman's Marriage) on that day. Prajapatya Marriage In prajapatya there is no trading and kanyadana is a part of it as in the brahma ceremony. The former four of these were the approved forms of marriage and the latter the unapproved. When a father gifts his daughter to a man after duly honoring him, and exhorts the couple to perform their dharma together, it is called "prajapatya marriage". With or without kcchra, A sort of penance, [Mnavadharmastra] 11, 105; 211. The joint performance of sacred duties by man and a woman is known as Prajapatya marriage. 9) [noun] (sculpt.) You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Favorable colours are normally red and gold for this occasion. Unlike the Brahma Marriage in Prajapatya Marriage, the bride`s father goes in search for a groom for his daughter. K
Prjpatya () is the name of a ceremony mentioned in the ivapura 2.1.14:[] silver coins and black gram (msa) shall be given as fee to the priest as much as for two Prjpatya ceremonies. It is not uncommon for middle-or upper-class weddings to have a guest list of over 500 people. In a voidable marriage decree of nullity is required. 8) [noun] the act, manner, function or power of a king. Some communities, like the Brahmans in Mithila, use genealogical records (Panjikas) maintained by the specialists. Not all have religious sanction.[1]. This type of marriage is resorted to when the groom and bride are both very young. The parents marry the bride after seeing the worthy groom. Abduction is called "rakshasa". In this marriage all the married learned persons give blessings to newly married couple. Unlike in Brahma marriage, Prajapatya matrimony is where the bride's father goes in search of a groom, although this isn't considered as good as the grooms parents searching for the perfect bride. ( -tya) 1. Northern India has different wedding rituals, south India has another. Coming from, belonging to, Prajpati, Chr. JatakamorKundaliis drawn based on the placement of the stars and planets at the time of birth. A name of Allahabad or Prayaga. *, 1b) A muhrta of the day and the night;1 in the month of Puya, the eighth day in the dark half of the month;2 the tenth gndhara grmika.3, 1c) A form of marriage; others are Brahm, Daivata, ra, sura, Gndharva, Rkasa and Paica.*. Once there is an agreement then an auspicious time is chosen for the wedding to take place. Historically thevedic marriagewas but one of the few different types of Hindu marriage customs. This order of forms of marriage is hierarchical. 5) A kind of fast or penance; (vyaha prtastryaha sya tryahamadydaycitam | tryaha para ca nnyt prjpatyamiti smtam ||); (prjpatya caret kcchramabdameka samhita) Manusmti 11.15. In a void marriage, the parties do not have the status of husband and wife. (4) Prajapatya Vivah This marriage system is similar to Brahma marriage. We would advise everyone to get married if the human race was in danger of disappearing, but the human population is exploding. ], 13) Prjpaty ():[from prjpatya > prjpata] f. [patronymic] of Daki, [gveda-anukramaik], 14) [v.s. The Prajapatya form of marriage is an orthodox form where the parental approval figures and the economic complications of betrothal are bypassed. Starts with: Prajapatyagni, Prajapatyaka, Prajapatyakricchri, Prajapatyapradayin, Prajapatyasthalipakaprayoga, Prajapatyatirtha, Prajapatyatva, Prajapatyavivaha, Prajapatyavrata. Instead, the bride's father goes looking for a groom when his daughter is of a suitable age. [5]In 2004,Hinduism Today asked Hindu swamis (teachers) their opinion of same-sex marriage. What are the eight forms of marriage? Up.1.2.7; Mahbhrata (Bombay) 12.6.44. What are the 4 types of marriage? According to prehistoric text Manu, this cannot be termed as a sale of the bride [vi]. Prajapatya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. TheKama Sutraacknowledges third-gender marriages wherein same-sex couples with great attachment and complete faith in one another get married together. The use ofjathakamorJanam Kundali(astrological chart at the time of birth) of the son/daughter to match with the help of a priest is common, but not universal. Islam is another religion followed by a large number of people in . There are both conservative and liberal views about homosexuality and same-sex marriages inHinduismwith Hindu priests having performed marriage of same-sex couples. 2 A particular sacrifice. Lord Krishna himself eloped with Rukmini on a horse chariot. 2. Asura marriage is in the middle of the spectrum of marriage. This form of marriage does not materially differ from the Brahma, but in this, the gift is made with condition that "May both of you perform together, your civil and religious duties". e. prajpati + ya, I. adj. A particular sacrifice performed before appointing a daughter to raise issue in default of male heirs. Prjpatya ():[noun] of, belonging to, destined by the Brahma, the Creator. wisdomlib - the greatest source of ancient and modern knowledge; Like what you read? More of your questions answered by our Experts. Sign in to the editor with your credentials or click Create free account to test the tool's features. Vastushastra (, vstustra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions.
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